股骨和胫骨骨干骨折内固定术前测量评估髓内钉长度的研究进展

目的 总结股骨和胫骨骨干骨折内固定术前髓内钉长度测量评估方法的研究进展,为临床应用提供参考。方法 以“股骨”“胫骨”“ 髓内钉长度”“术前测量”以及“femur”“ tibia”“ intramedullary length”“ preoperative measurement”等为中、英文关键词,在中国知网、万方医学、PubMed、Springerlink等中英文数据库中检索2020年5月8日之前公开发表的有关股骨和胫骨骨干骨折内固定术前髓内钉长度测量评估方法研究的相关文献879篇,剔除内容不符、无法获取全文、重复性研究的文献,最终纳入28篇进行总结和分析。结果 检索到有关股骨和胫骨骨干骨折内固定术前髓内钉长度测量评估方法的研究文献相对较少,放射测量和体表标志测量是两种主要的临床应用方法。放射测量往往需要有一个完整的对侧骨骼作为参考,其中X线测量比较常用,CT测量更为准确,但都存在放射暴露等缺点;体表标志测量法无放射暴露,简便易行,但存在测量误差等缺点。结论 术前测量在评估判断髓内钉长度方面显示出很好的应用前景。采用简便的测量方法进行髓内钉固定术的术前计划是我们临床中需要努力的方向。     

咽后壁瓣修复术后并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的临床研究

探讨腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全（VPI）患者行咽后壁瓣修复术（PFS）后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的发生率及严重程度，并探讨手术年龄对OSA发生率及严重程度的影响。     

Effect of silica coating and laser treatment on the flexural strength,surface characteristics,and bond strength of a dental zirconia

This study investigated the effect of irradiation with an erbium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser and coating with silica on the surface characteristics, bond strength, and flexural strength of dental zirconia. Three hundred and forty‐three standard zirconia specimens were created, and 49 were assigned to each of seven surface treatment groups: (i) no treatment; Er:YAG laser (80 mJ/2 Hz) with pulse widths of 50 μs (ii), 100 μs (iii), 300 μs (iv), or 600 μs (v); or tribochemical silica coating at the partially sintered stage (vi) or after sintering was complete (vii). All specimens were sintered after the surface treatments, except for the group in which specimens were sintered before treatment. The study outcomes were roughness, surface loss, microshear bond strength (μSBS), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS). Mean roughness and surface loss values were significantly higher in specimens from irradiated groups than in those from silica‐coated groups. Regarding μSBS, after aging, specimens from all experimental groups presented very low and similar μSBS values, irrespective of the surface treatment. Silica coating after sintering yielded the highest BFS (1149.5 ± 167.6 MPa), while coating partially sintered specimens with silica resulted a BFS (826.9 ± 60.9 MPa) similar to that of the untreated control group (794.9 ± 101.7 MPa). Laser treatments, irrespective of pulse width used, significantly decreased the BFS. In the group treated with laser at 300 μs pulse width, specimens exhibited the lowest BFS value (514.1 ± 71.5 MPa). Adhesion to zirconia was not stable after aging, regardless of the surface treatment implemented.     

Surface Integrity of Dimethacrylate Composite Resins with Low Shrinkage Comonomers

The goal of current research was to investigate the influence of adding low shrinkage “Phene” like comonomers hexaethylene glycol bis(carbamate-isoproply-α-methylstyrene) (HE-Phene) and triethylene glycol bis(carbamate-isoproply-α-methylstyrene) (TE-Phene) on the surface and color characteristics of composite resin. A range of weight fractions (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt.%) of HE/TE-Phene monomers were mixed with bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomer. Experimental composite resins were made by mixing 71 wt.% of silica fillers to 29 wt.% of the resin matrix. A Vickers indenter and glossmeter were used for testing surface hardness (SH) and gloss (SG) at 60°. A chewing-simulator was used to evaluate the surface wear after 15,000 cycles. Color change (∆E) and translucency parameter (TP) were measured using a spectrophotometer. Data showed that HE/TE-Phene monomer had no negative impact (p > 0.05) on surface gloss, wear, color change and translucency of experimental composite resins. Surface hardness was in a reducing direction with the increas in HE/TE-Phene weight fraction (p < 0.05). The study results suggested that incorporating HE/TE-Phene monomers up to 30 wt.% with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin did not negatively influence the surface integrity of composite resins except for SH.     

Sleep Disordered Breathing and Mortality in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Septal Myectomy

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) on survival in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) following septal myectomy.Patients and MethodsPatients with obstructive HCM undergoing septal myectomy from 2007 to 2016 were reviewed. Those who had an overnight oximetry test within 6 months before myectomy were included in analysis. Oxygen desaturation index was examined continuously and also categorically (SDB [>5/h] and severe SDB [>15/h]).ResultsA total of 619 of 1500 patients undergoing septal myectomy had overnight oximetry tests. Sleep-disordered breathing (oxygen desaturation index >5/h) was identified in 338 (54.6%) patients, and among those patients, 117 (18.9%) were classified as severe. Patients with SDB were older, had greater body mass index and body surface area, were more likely to have arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation, and had an increased E/e’ ratio on Doppler echocardiography. Notably, there was no difference in preoperative resting left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient between patients with SDB and those with normal overnight oximetry (55 (interquartile range: 25 to 86) mm Hg versus 52 (interquartile range: 21 to 85) mm Hg; P=.29). There was no difference in age-adjusted survival among patients with normal oximetry compared with those with mild SDB (hazard ratio: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.45 to 2.17), and severe SDB (hazard ratio: 1.06, 95% CI 0.42 - 2.71).ConclusionSleep-disordered breathing is present in more than half of patients with obstructive HCM in whom septal myectomy is indicated, and is mainly associated with aging, overweight, and male sex. However, SDB does not alter survival following septal myectomy.     

A reappraisal of pediatric abdominal surface anatomy

Surface anatomy is fundamental to clinical and surgical practices. As the surface anatomy varies with age, the purpose of this study is to provide age-standardized surface markings for the abdomen in children. A total of 155 abdominal computed tomography scans of healthy children aged 0–18 years were categorized into six groups, and the surface anatomy of the major vascular structures, solid viscera, and anatomical planes in the abdomen was analyzed. The vertebral levels of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and hepatic portal vein formation were higher in the youngest age group, whereas the levels of the inferior mesenteric artery, formation of the inferior vena cava, and renal arteries did not differ with age. The right kidney lay between T12 and L3 and the left at T11-L3; however, both kidneys were in lower positions in younger children. The spleen was most commonly located between the 8th and 11th ribs except in toddlers. In all age groups, the hepatic portal vein formation was within the transpyloric plane and the aortic bifurcation was above the supracristal plane. In vivo reassessment of the surface anatomy enables the substantial variability of surface landmarks to be highlighted. This study demonstrates that taking account of age-related variations will increase the accuracy and therefore the clinical relevance of surface anatomy.     

基于肺体表投影的腧穴分类及针刺后气胸的预防

[目的] 对易造成气胸的腧穴进行分类和归纳，以期针灸工作者，尤其是针灸初学者更科学地掌握腧穴的针刺操作，预防气胸发生。[方法] 为了更好地预防针刺后气胸的发生，以腧穴定位和针刺操作为主要着眼点，根据肺体表投影及经穴的分布特点，将可能造成气胸的腧穴分成4大类，基于此从针刺操作角度、方向、深度三要素总结4类穴位的操作要点，并结合文献分析可能引起针刺后气胸或增加发生概率的其他危险因素。 [结果] 第一类位于肺体表投影内的腧穴，包括8条经、39个腧穴及1个经外奇穴，针刺操作要点在于不能直刺深刺。第二类位于肺体表投影边缘的腧穴，包括4条经、5个腧穴及11个经外奇穴，针刺操作要点在于不能朝肺深刺。第三类位于肺体表投影附近，包括6条经和10个腧穴，针刺操作要点在于不能朝肺深刺。第四类位于肩胛骨之上的腧穴，包括2条经和4个腧穴，针刺操作要点在于以直刺为主。文献分析发现，肺部基础疾病可增加针刺后气胸风险。 [结论] 在准确掌握肺脏解剖和经穴定位的基础上，严格规范针刺操作，了解患者肺部基础疾病，可最大程度地避免针刺后气胸的发生。